Applying pressure to the interior of closed vessels



A. E. GUY. APPLYlNG PRESSURE To THE INTERIOR 0E CLOSED VESSELS.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 20 |918.

Patented Feb. 3, 1920.

.ALBERT E. GUY, OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY.

PLYING PRESSURE T0 THE NTERIOR 0F CLOSED VESSELS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 3, 1920.'

Application filed November 2G, 1918. Serial No. 263,399.

(FILED 'UNDER THE AUT 0F MARCH 3, 1823, 22 STAT; L., 625.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it lmown that l, ALBERT E. GUY, major, Ordnance Department, 'UnitedStates Army, a citizenof the United Statesysta tioned at "Washington,l). C., have invented an Improvement in Appiying Pressure to theInterior oi Closed Vessels, of which the following is a specification.

The invention described herein may be used by the Government, or any ofits oliicers or employeesdn prosecution of work for the Government, orby any other person in the United States, without payment of any ro altythereon.

iyfhis invention relates to a method wherein pressure is applied to theinterior of closed vessels,lsaid applications involving the law ofexpansion of 'uids and solids under change in temperature.

.The invention is used in the treatment of the interior walls of avessel to increase their resistance .to internal pressure and isintended particularly for gun tubes, which must withstand ver highinternal pressure each timea shot is red.

It is also adapted for fitting linings in cylinders, tubes, and thelike, and especially for relining gun tubes. It 1s very well adapted foruse in connection with the process of treating tubes by pressuredisclosed in m application filed October 17, 1918, Seria No. 258,652. Y

The objects of the invention are rapidity and ease of operation, lowcost and adaptability to different conditions of manufacture and use.yThe invention consists in the method and in the apparatus hereinafterde-.l

scribed and claimed.

The preferred means and mode of applying they invention toa gun 'tube isas follows, reference bein made to the accompanying drawings w ichshowsui'table apparatus for carrying out the inventions. The samecharacters are -used to designate similar parts in the several views.

Figure 1 of the drawings isa side view, partly in section, of a guntube, wherein a liner is to be'secured by an application of this method.

Fig. 2 is a similar view of the muzzle end of a gun tube showing aslightly modified arrangement of the parts when relining a 1n tube afterthe liner has been rihed.

eferring to the drawings by numerals, 10 indicates the gun, the interioror which may be provided with one or more shoulders as indicated at 11and may be slightly tapered toward the muzzle of the gun as shown at 12.

A liner 13 is inserted into the gun tube from the breech end, and Ihas asnug lit throughout its entire length., Said liner, as will appearlater, may be rifled in the usual manner, prior to its insertion intothe gun tube.

A rod or coreV 141 is arranged to extend entirely through the gun,having at one end a Vlarge head 'or disk 15 adapted to bear against oneend of the tube, and at its other end with a washer 16 mounted on a seat17 near the end of the core to bear against the other end of the tube.The washer 16 is held firmly in position by. a nut 18 threaded on theend of the core which extends beyond washer 16, thus locating the corein place.` l

As a seal to the ends of the gun tube, paclrings are inserted as shownat 19 and annular rings 20 secured by set screws 21 are. arranged incontact with the packings to maintain same in contact with the members15 and 16 and form a perfect joint between the parts.

A space 22 is provided between the core 14 and the inner wall of theliner in which a pipe 23 of relatively heavy walls or small bore iscoiled about the corel from end to end of the gun tube. Said pipe 23isin communication at one enti with a passage 24 formed in the muzzleend of the core 14 and at its other end with passage 25 at the breechend of said core. A

The space 22 is filled with any substance having a higher coeilicient ofexpansion than the containing parts of the gun.

A pipe 26 from any source (not shown) for the supply of a temperaturechanging duid is connected by `branch pipe 27 with the muzzle end ofthe'coil 23 through passage 24, and a return or exhaust pipe 28 is incommunication with .the breech end of f lil llt)

gun and the retaining band 33 a small space 36 is` provided to permitthe insertion of a the portion 32 of the saw for removing by this methodhas liner after treatment been completed.

rl`he pressure produced Within the gun tube by the means described maybe designed suiicient to stretch the inner gun beyond the elastic limitof the steel, and a permanent deformation or set of the inner layers ofthe steel is the result. .The

operation is stopped before the outer layers When A are stretched totheir elastic limit. the pressure is relieved, the outer layers of thesteel tend to return to their original size, thereby compressing theinner layers, which have been stretched too far to return to theiroriginal size and Which remain slightly stretched and hence undercompression om the outer layers. The condition of the metal in the innerand outer regions of the gun tube after treatment by this method issimilar to that of a composite gun formed by shrinking outer bands onthe inner tube to compress the metal.

The operation is obvious and consists of lilling the space 22surrounding' the core, with a substance having a greater coeiiicient ofexpansion than the surrounding metal, and conning same therein bysealing the end ofthe space. A temperature changing iuid may then be 23to expand the ller and produce the desired result. The pipe 23 has Wallsof sufcient thickness to withstand high external pressure, but thepitings need not be o special thickness since Wall Of the I passed throughthe pipe ing 27 and 2 8 and itthey may not be subjected to-eitherinternal or external pressure.

While the apparatus shown is of a character to clearly illustrate theapplication of the improved method, changes may be made in the form ofapparatus Within the scope of the appended claims.

What I claim is:

1. The method of generatin pressure in the interior of the bore of a tue, consisting of filling and sealing the tube and passing a temperaturechanging medium-through the interior of the tube.

.2. The method of generating pressure in the 'interior of a sealed tubecontaining a filler and a core of predetermined relative proportions,consisting of causing the expansion of the ller by passing a temperaturechanging medium therethrough.

The method of securing a liner in a sealed tube containing a filler anda core of predetermined relative proportions, consisting of applying atemperature changing medium to the iller Without detrimental effect tothe metal of the tube.

4. The method of generating pressure inside the bore of a sealed tube,consisting of lling the tube and changing the temperature of the illerby a circulating medium.

5. The method of generating pressure inside the bore of a sealed tube,consisting of filling the tube and applying a temperature changingmedium to the filler only.

6. The method of generating pressure inside the bore of a tube,consisting of filling the tube and applying a circulating temperaturechanging medium to the `filler only.

7 The method of generating pressure inside the bore of a tube,consisting oli formin a space adjacent the inner Wall of the tu e,filling the space with a substance, sealing and heating the substance bya circulating medium.

ALBERT E. GUY.

